A tryst with colonialism

Mount Lavinia Hotel celebrates its bicentenary with a touch of romance,
pomp and pageantry

By Esther Williams Sunday Times July 22, 2006

The steam engine bearing the inscription ‘Sir Thomas Maitland’ pulled into Mount Lavinia Station. Descendants of Sir Thomas Maitland and Sir Robert Brownrigg, former Governors of Ceylon and special invitees disembarked from the royally furnished ‘Viceroy’ carriage to a red carpet welcome. Mount Lavinia Hotel was celebrating its Bicentenary.

General Manager Bazeer Cassim received the distinguished guests while a concierge pulled the cart of metal trunks and crates, remarkably similar to those carried two centuries ago. Out stepped Dr. Doyle (played by actor Darrell Wallace) unexpectedly sent by Lord Camden of the Colonial Office. “I am here to investigate rumours of romantic trysts, a secret tunnel and a half naked dancing girl entertaining the Governor,” the gentleman dressed in period costume stated poker-faced, adding to the captivating portrayal of Mount Lavinia in 1805.

There was more: Potted plants lined the path leading to the gates of the palatial building, the former home of governors. A colourful entourage comprising drummers, dancers and white horses led the procession through the gates of the hotel where a host of exquisite dancers performed, bringing back memories of Lovina Aponsua and other damsels who had danced for Governor Maitland 200 years ago. The sound of trumpets brought to an end the spectacular welcoming ceremony.

This piece of the country’s colonial past was re-enacted at the Mount Lavinia Hotel on July 14 when portraits of British Governors of Sri Lanka between 1805 and 1831 - Lt. Gen. Edward Barnes (1819-1821 and 1824-1831), Gov. Edward Paget (1822-1823), Lady Sophia Brownrigg, Gen. Sir Robert Brownrigg (1812-1820) and Sir Thomas Maitland (1805-1811) were unveiled. The highlight of the event was the unveiling of a portrait of the mysterious Lovina Aponsua, said to be the low-caste dancing girl Sir Thomas fell in love with.

British High Commissioner, Dominick Chilcott said the ghosts of the past governments were probably watching the ceremony. “Although our roles and powers are different, both took instructions from the Secretary of State, both worked in accordance with the British government policy and acted in the interest of the British government,” he said of the commonalities in their roles.

For Henry Brownrigg, a descendant of Sir Robert Brownrigg, being at Mount Lavinia Hotel and viewing the bicentenary festivities took on a dreamlike quality. “Behind their uniforms, they were essentially human beings with human failings. While it is great to celebrate them, it would be wrong to glamorise them or demonise them,” he said.

Viscount Ian Maitland (19th Earl of Lauderdale) who was here for the occasion spoke of the events that led his forefather to initiate the landmark building. On a lighter note he continued, “Watching the dancers, I can understand why Sir Thomas who was not the marrying kind went into the forbidden romance.”

Mount Lavinia Hotel as part of its bicentenary celebrations launched a commemorative book ‘Mount Lavinia – the Governor’s Palace’ and opened its refurbished museum/gallery. Written by Shevanthie Goonasekera, the 136-page book published by London based Paradise Isle Publications run by two Sri Lankans provides information about the hotel’s history, architecture, occupants, festivities, etc.

Sir Robert Brownrigg

 

Henry
Brownrigg

Descendant Henry Brownrigg explained that Sir Robert Brownrigg came from an Anglo Irish Army family and rose to service on his own abilities. “He was not rich by any circumstance nor did he have a wealthy relative to patronise him.” However, being a competent and meticulous soldier he attracted the attention of the Duke of York (brother of King George III) who was the Commander in Chief of the British Army.

He was thus appointed as his Military Secretary, a position of influence and power. Sir Robert was then sent as the governor and commander-in-chief of the coastal provinces that were under British control, despite having had no experience in civil administration.

It was fortunate that Sir Robert had as his chief interpreter John D’Oyly, a brilliant linguist and they made a good team. D’Oyly who had passed out of Cambridge with top academic honours was appointed as Chief Translator to the Colonial Office within three years of arriving on the island. He not only spoke excellent Sinhala but also knew of the proper etiquette and protocol when dealing with the Kandyan kings.

“Some interpreters said that D’Oyly was the good cop and Sir Robert the bad cop. There is some truth in that,” Mr. Brownrigg admits.

An art dealer in London, Henry Brownrigg is a frequent visitor to the Indian subcontinent.


Sir Thomas Maitland

Ian Maitland

The Maitland Clan were from a province called Lauderdale near Edinburgh of southern Scotland where they had been since 1250. Their first ancestor could be traced to 1130 having come from Cotentin near Cherbourg in France and had been given land in Scotland.

Dressed in the traditional Scottish kilt, Sir Ian spoke of Sir Thomas’s illustrious career. Sir Thomas first served as the Director of the East India Company and then was made a Major General. “His talents lay in administration,” Sir Ian says.

On arrival in Ceylon, Sir Thomas, as British governor took a quick tour of the island and within three months submitted a 160-page report on its condition. Declaring that the previous governor’s house was in ruins, he insisted that he needed a new one.

“He never expected a response nor did he receive one,” Sir Ian smiled. Six months later he sent another letter announcing that he had built a new house and raised as surplus 20,000 pounds for the government from the sale of old government buildings, having used builders and carpenters who were in full-time employment with the British government.

It appears that Sir Thomas for a time was nicknamed King Tom. The practical Scott with an iron will had during his tenure reduced government expenditure drastically. An efficient colonial administrator who enacted major reforms to the legal system, Sir Thomas was regarded as an intellectual and respected for his judgement.

Of the love story between Sir Thomas and Lovina, “It was normal for officers to do so,” Sir Ian smiles. Sir Thomas is said to have given a large tract of land in Attidiya to Lovina.

Sir Ian has been the Senior Regional Manager for Africa and the Middle East of National West Minister Bank in London for around 20 years.

Legend, folklore and hearsay have attributed many roles to the rock or promontory of land upon which Mount Lavinia Hotel stands. Closely associated with sanctuary, rest and protection, the monks of old lit a lamp upon the summit signalling it as sacrosanct. Sailors and fishermen looked to it as they would a beacon to guide them to shore. An Ambalama (Resthouse) upon it provided rest and shelter to pilgrims and travellers during the era of the Kotte Kingdom.
Following the departure of the Portuguese and Dutch colonizers, the British took control. Sir Thomas Maitland, the Second British Governor arrived on the island where he promptly went in search of a place in the country to build his residence, not satisfied with the accommodation he was given on his arrival, he found the most perfect location. In 1806 he constructed his house on this promontory of land in the village of Galkissa. This was a fine country residence described as ‘a delightful bungalow of one floor’.

It was within th e portals of this stately residence that the first set eye on a beautiful mestizo dancer, Lovina Aponsuwa. This high-ranking Governor, known by the sobriquet ‘King tom’, fell instantly in love with this local dancer and before long they were engaged in a clandestine romance with Lovina travelling through an underground passage from the mouth of a disused well which lead to the cellar of the Governor’s House for their secret trysts. The Governor named his house Mount Lavinia House after his beloved Lovina from which the town acquires its name.

Maitland leaves the island of Ceylon and is promptly replaced by Sir Robert Brownrigg, a governor who made his name through his conquest of the Kandyan Kingdom. He and his wife, Lady Brownrigg enjoy entertaining at their country residence, Mount Lavinia House. It was to Mount Lavinia House that Ehelepola ran when he heard that his family was brutally murdered in Kandy by King Sri Wikrama Rajasingha. He was received by Sir Robert and Lady Brownrigg at the gates of Mount Lavinia House. Sir Edward Pagel took over briefly as Governor and resided at Mount Lavinia House, however he was soon to be replaced by the larger than life figure of Sir Edward Barnes.
Governor Barnes and his wife enjoyed the finer things in life and lived extravagantly he remodeled Mount Lavinia into a two-storey grand classical mansion worthy of the man himself. Barnes was to rename this house ‘Marine villa’. Shortly after the house was built, Lt. Colonel William Colebrooke arrives on the island to conduct the famous Colebrooke Commission. Among the recommendations was a cut in expenditure to maintain governor’s Residences such as Mount Lavinia House.

Barnes leaves the island in 1831 and Mount Lavinia House is left neglected in a solitary state of desolation. Thieves scavenge what they can from the house and leave it to ruin. Despite this the barracks on the land were used by the serving troops and in 1833 acted as a sanatorium during the Cholera epidemic.
The house is sold at auction for the sum of 120 Sterling Pounds on 22nd January 1842 to the Rev. Dr. John McVicar, the Colonial Chaplain, a remarkable man described as producing ‘great literary and scientific achievements.’

It was to Mount Lavinia House that Rev. McVicar invited his friend, the talented artist Andrew Nicholl, who was an instructor in Drawing and Design at the Colombo Academy. Andrew Xicholl painted at this location a beautiful watercolour of Mount Lavinia house in 1847.
In 1858 Mount Lavinia House becomes a well-known boarding house, ‘where fresh air and sea bathing, with a beautiful view of Colombo, can be enjoyed to perfection’. In 1877 Mount Lavinia is transformed into a Hotel called the Grand Hotel Mount Lavinia, where a ‘very fine tiffin is served’.
Mount Lavinia Hotel is purchased by Mr. U. K. Edmund in 1975 and taking the reins as Director and, Chairman, completes the Garden and Sea Wing within a year of taking over.

In 1978 Mr. U. K. Edmund was to complete further rebuilding initiatives with the ballroom transformed into magnificent elevated grand room in the Governor’s former Residence and the new Bay Wing completed in 1980.
In 1985 his son, Sanath Ukwatte takes charge as Chairman of Mount Lavinia Hotel and remains so to date. ‘Under his leadership the restoration of the Governor’s house gets underway to include a classically inspired terrace and restaurant and work begins to recreate the original banqueting hall and five first floor reception rooms in preparation for the 200 year celebration of this former British Governor’s country residence.

Written By:Charnika Munasinghe Sunday Standard July 23 2006